Bad Strategies are Like Undercooked Pasta…Nothing Sticks

I worked in my family’s Italian restaurant as a pizza cook during my teen years and even today I still have to taste  pasta to know for sure that it is done.  Another way is to throw it against the wall and see if it sticks.  That’s too messy.

So it is with a bad strategy.  No matter how hard you try in implementing it, it will remain a bad strategy.  Charles Roxburgh tackled this problem in his article, Hidden Flaws in Strategy, and why executives back them.  His article addresses the problem from the point of veiw of the  human brain function.  I refer to that article from time to time, but will point out other practical aspects:

  1. Overconfidence:  Roxburgh’s article discusses the overconfidence of companies like start-ups.  In other words, “rose-colored glasses.”  We prepare business plans in addition to strategic plans.  I always try to interject a business strategy for those companies that hire us to prepare business plans.  I have found that entrepenuers that are trying to impress their investors usually fall into this category.  So, as a CPA, I have to gently bring them down to earth.  One of my approaches is to lay out all assumptions so potential investors in order to inform potential investors.  Another approach is to have the client embrace their weaknesses.  Most clients ignore that, but want to dwell on their strengths.  In several instances we were able to turn their weaknesses into strenghts.  In any event, as CPA’s we have a special point a view because we see both the big picture and the minutia.
  2. The Sunk-cost effect: I like this concept from Roxburgh because I have seen so many small companies continue on a bad strategy until they implode.  I have found it very hard to change the course of an executive whose company is plummeting downward.  The gambling instinct comes out and they refuse to address the problem.  I refer to it as the “ostrich stage,” because they will stick their heads in the sand and not make the hard decisions that usually require a different strategy.  I have found the solution to this is to closely monitor your startegy with metrics, and if the metric(s) start pointing south, do not hesitate to explain it.  This is why it is imperitive to have a current set of accurate accounting records, a condition we don’t find very often with new clients.
  3. The herding instinct: Roxburgh cautions about following the herd off a cliff. The situation that comes to my mind are bankers in the United Kingdom who backed the Southern Confederacy’s “Cotton Bonds” in 1863.  Due to the taking of New Oleans and the Union’s victory of Vicksburg, the price of cotton skyrocketed because of the Union blockade.  Some UK investors of that time herded together to buy the Confederate Bonds presumably backed by cotton) which supported the war.  Unfortunately, they usualy couldn’t get their hands on the cotton collateral, the South lost, and so did the investors. This is a simplistic view of the events, but Illustrates how the herd can lead others into financial ruin.

Another example of the “herd” factor was when my brother-in-law tried to get my wife and I to buy into a ponzie scheme where people were doubling their money in a week.  We laughed, but didn’t like hearing of family and friends who “bought” into the hype and lost their $1,500 investment within thirty days.

The main takeaway from this article is to measure.  Like many say, “If you can’t measure it, you can’t manage it.”  These points can help you to measure your strategy and to make the necessary adjustments.

Taxes and a Load off Your Debt, Or is It?

Rick_E_Norris_An_Accountancy_Corporation_Taxes_and_A_Load_Off_Your_Debt_Or_Is_ItLosing your home is bad enough, but paying taxes because the experience rubs salt in the wounds.  Prior to 2007, there was very little relief for a debtor that had a residence debt forgiven.  However, that changed in 2007.  Canceled debt is normally taxable to you, but there are exceptions. One of
those exceptions is available to homeowners whose mortgage debt is partly or entirely forgiven during tax years 2007 through 2012.

Here are some points I found on the IRS web site regarding the tax implications and considerations:

1. Normally, debt forgiveness results in taxable income. However, under the Mortgage Forgiveness Debt Relief Act of 2007, you may be able to exclude up to $2 million of debt forgiven on your principal residence.

2. The limit is $1 million for a married person filing a separate return.

3. You may exclude debt reduced through mortgage restructuring, as well as mortgage debt forgiven in a foreclosure.

4. To qualify, the debt must have been used to buy, build or substantially improve your principal residence and be secured by that residence.

5. Refinanced debt proceeds used for the purpose of substantially improving your principal residence also qualify for the exclusion.

6. Proceeds of refinanced debt used for other purposes – for example, to pay off credit card debt – do not qualify for the exclusion.

7. If you qualify, claim the special exclusion by filling out Form 982, Reduction of Tax Attributes Due to Discharge of Indebtedness, and attach it to your federal income tax return for the tax year in which the qualified debt was forgiven.

8. Debt forgiven on second homes, rental property, business property, credit cards or car loans does not qualify for the tax relief provision. In some cases, however, other tax relief provisions – such as insolvency – may be applicable. IRS Form 982 provides more details about these provisions. However, I have found that some clients that have lost  rental property with a high basis may have a chance of offsetting the gain with the rental’s basis.

9. If your debt is reduced or eliminated you normally will receive a year-end statement, Form 1099-C, Cancellation of Debt, from your lender. By law, this form must show the amount of debt forgiven and the fair market value of any property foreclosed.

10. Examine the Form 1099-C carefully. Notify the lender immediately if any of the information shown is incorrect. You should pay particular attention to the amount of debt forgiven in Box 2 as well as the value listed for your home
in Box 7.

If the bank forgave your debt, do not wait until April the next year to tell your tax advisor.  Sometimes, proper tax planning can help reduce the pain.  Discuss your situation with a tax advisor before making any decisions.

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IRS CIRCULAR 230 NOTICE: To ensure compliance with requirements imposed by the U.S. Department of the Treasury and Internal Revenue Service, we inform you that any tax advice contained in this e-mail (including any attachments) is not intended or written to be used, and may not be used, for the purpose of (a) avoiding penalties under the Internal Revenue Code or state tax authority, or (b) promoting, marketing, or recommending to another party any transaction or matter addressed herein.

Business Cents: Before You Add That New Employee or Invest in that Venture…

Rick_E_Norris_An_Accountancy_Corporation_Business_Cents_Before_You_Add_That_New_Employee_Or_Invest_In_That_VentureSeveral years ago, a small business prospect asked me about their idea of employing a new sales person.  At that time, the company’s industry was high sales with low margins.  This prospect were being crowded out by the big home technology manufacturers who can work at a much higher sales volume.  This company’s gross profit margin was 6%.  However, to increase their market share, they wanted to hire a sales person for $60,000.  I explained quickly that the sales person would have to bring in $1,000,000 of sales just to break even on the new employee’s salary.  This does not count the additional costs like worker’s compensation insurance, payroll taxes, vacation pay, etc.

Now, when you add up all of the relative costs, including sick pay, you have the true cost of the employee.  If you divide that by the hours it takes an employee to perform a function, you arrive at your “burden rate.”

Small businesses must do this type of analysis before strategizing to hire new bodies.  Other considerations are discussed in How to figure out the actual cost of your employees by Ken Kaufman.

Kaufman’s article eludes to the burden rate per employee, but this analysis sometimes is harder to produce in manufacturer settings.  For example, if you have an employee that designs multiple products, you would have to quantify the hours the employee spends on each design.  That may sound easy unless that employee moves between products in one day.

This kind of analysis will be valuable to a small business in setting prices, budgeting and forecasting, and expanding.  However, where small businesses handicap their information is in business plans.  A venture capitalist or entrepreneur should start at the granular data of an employee’s burden rate.  Once you know that, you can project the production efficiency and work your way to pricing the item based on a gross profit ratio.  Lastly, you can project your units and arrive at forecasted sales.

What a small business entrepreneur will find out from this strategy is whether their pricing will be competitive in their respective market space.  If not, they should know that before funding a small business.

 

Judo 101: How a Small Business Can Fight a 500 Pound Gorilla

Rick_E_Norris_An_Accountancy_Corporation_Judo_101_How_A_Small_Business_Can_Fight_500_Pound_GorillaOver my life time, I’ve trained in several martial arts.  It started at eight years old with Judo.  Within six weeks I had learned how to maneuver a 200 pound man (instructor) and flip him over my shoulder.  (I weighed about 70 pounds at that time.) The feeling was ecstatic and at 54 I can still flip people over my shoulder effortlessly.

Lisa Barone’s article, 6 Ways Your Small Business Can Steal Customers From Big Brands reminded me of the euphoria a small business owner can get when defeating his 500 pound gorilla competitor.

1. By Focusing on Simplicity

2. By Solving Users’ Core Problems

3. By Outmaneuvering Big Brands

4. By Excelling at Customer Service

5. By Being Fearless

6. By Becoming a Big Brand Yourself

Now Ms. Barone does a nice job of laying out a theory, but small business owners expect case studies.  Take Nucor Corporation.   They sought  to defeat the Goliath of the steel industry like Bethlehem Steel.  Bethlehem Steel and other mega steel companies were already in decline due to their labor relationships by time Nucor made a technological breakthrough in 1986.  Nucor’s “continuous thin slab casting” worked as an accelerator to Bethlehem’s demise, but the main advantage  was its culture.  Nucor treated its employees equally in status.  Nucor eliminated class distinctions with such practices of  having all 7,000 employee names appear in their annual reports and issuing the same color of hats to all employees.  In addition, Nucor did not provide large fancy suites and aircraft to its executives.

The result was that Nucor created a more stable culture.  A detailed analysis is discussed in Jim Collin’s Good to Great.

Whether you are an artist, or a small business, how are you fighting your major competitor?  You must start by taking the gorilla’s weaknesses and using them against it.  Just like I used use the weight of a 200 pound man to flip over my shoulder at eight years old.  Small business competition shines brightest at those moments.

Small Business Opportunities in the Wind

Rick_E_Norris_An_Accountancy_Corporation_Small_Business_Opportunities_In_the_WindSmall businesses are the main sources of employment in our country.  According to the US Small Business Administration, small firms:

  1. Represents 99.7 % of all employer firms.
  2. Employ half of all private sector employees.
  3. Pay 44% of total US private payroll.
  4. Generate 65% of net new jobs over the past 17 years.
  5. Produce 13 times more patents per employee than large patenting firms

However, there rarely are laws that benefit just small businesses.  That may change with some bills passed by the House that may help small businesses to raise capital.  Alix Stuart’s article discusses these in more detail.

The Small Company Formation Act (HR 1070):     If you ever tried to raise capital from the public, you may have been cautioned by an attorney to watch out for SEC laws.  With this bill,  small companies could raise up to $50 million  through a Reg A offering without spending a fortune to hire attorneys to prepare a full blown IPO.  Today, small businesses are limited to $5 million, and subject to state law regulations.  I remember going through one of these IPOs.  The reporting and legal paperwork piled very high.  However, if you think your business may benefit from this, you must be able to produce a comprehensive business plan  to convince buyers that you are worth the risk.  Many small businesses, if not most, do not have this level of sophistication.

• The Entrepreneurial Access to Capital Act (HR 2930): Crowd funding has become such a new phenomenon.  Under this bill, small businesses can raise up to $2 million without registering with the SEC.  In addition, investors would not have to be accredited.

• The Access to Capital for Job Creators Act (HR 2940): Currently under Reg D, you can only approach your family and friends.  If this bill passes, a small business can approach others that do not already have a relationship with the small business.  Family and friends are usually the first level of investment for new entrepreneurs, but this bill can expand the reach significantly.

• HR 1965: This really only pertains to small banks, allowing them to have up to 2,000 shareholders without being subject to SEC regulation.  However, if a small bank’s regulation is lighter, then their ability to help a small business will be expanded.

It is imperative for a small business owner to keep a watchful eye on legislation that may affect them.  Sometimes these opportunities only come around occasionally , so a small business owner must be vigilant.  Most business periodicals can alert you to new changes.

 

What is the Difference Between a Business Plan and a Strategic Plan?

Rick_E_Norris_An_Accountancy_Corporation_What_is_The_Difference_Between_A_Business_Plan_and_A_Strategic_PlanBusiness plans are very familiar to me.  I receive calls from time to time to design one for individuals who have potential investors.  In doing so, I try to incorporate some form of a strategic plan in the product because new entrepreneurs rarely think on that level.

Business plans and strategic plans are different though.  Take Johnson and Smith’s book 60 Minute Strategic Plan for instance.  They state that, “a business plan is [used] to evaluate teh viability of a business…Business plans keep the company on its rails as it relates to key tactical financial and operational ratios…In a word, a business plan explains the ‘what.’

Johnson and Smith contrast strategic plans as “requiring leadership and inventive thinking and assume  higher risks, leading to higher rewards.  The strategic plan is an internal leadership tool used to plan a course of action to address unanticipated problems or opportunities…”  In other words, it explains the “why and how.”

Bill Birnbaum, author of Strategic Thinking distinguishes the two types as strategic thinking and tactical thinking.  I would have to side with his distinction between a strategic plan and business plan.  The strategic plan is used to help you decide what to do, and the business plan (or company budget forecast) is used to decide how to do it.

If you are a small business owner, or an entertainer, the concept is the same.  Strategic thinking will make you focus on the needs of your customer, how your product benefits your customer, and the reason why a customer would want to buy your service.  Or as Birnbaum states it, “In thinking strategically, you’ll be concerned with doing the right things, rather than doing things right.”

Let’s take an entertainer for instance.  I am meeting next week with a recording artist who wants to stand out.  What we will not look at in the recording industry is what is being done now.  The reason why is that why duplicate things that are working in an industry that is moving a break-neck speed, or duplicate business models that are not working?  No, instead, we will be exploring her talents not only in the recording industry, but other industies with the vision of producing a specific message about who she is.

The same goes for small business.  If you want to be an industry leader, you must distinguish your strategic plan from your business plan.  Using Jim Collin’s phrase, you will never achieve your “Big Hairy Audacious Goal” (BHAG) if you are 1) duplicating what others have done in your industry, or 2) just doing an annual budget. The annual budget is contained in the Annual Operating Plan (OAP) which must move an organization towards teh BHAG.

If you want to move your career and/or business beyond your competitors, you must start thinking strategically by implementing and executing a strategic plan.  If you are one who only focuses on the future business plan or budget by looking in the past, you will be on operating on a financial treadmill.  You may seem like you are moving forward, but all you will be doing is spinning your wheels.

How to Launder(for More)Money Without Getting Washed Up

Rick_E_Norris_An_Accountancy_Corporation_How_To_Launder_For_More_Money_Without_Getting_Washed_UpI know that title can get me into trouble, but I couldn’t resist.

I had lunch today with a childhood friend (no he is not nine years old).  I hadn’t seen  Gary in about 30 years. He still looks the same (except for the white hair and long white beard).  Anyway, Gary is in the Laundromat business.  His story came back to me tonight when  I was reading the article, Grow Your Sales Without Selling by Mike Periu.

All in all, it wasn’t a bad piece.  He gave a handfull of suggestions to growing your small business outside the sales cycle.  The first suggestion he offered was the one that reminded me of Gary: Grow through acquisitions.  He offered his support for it, but then he narrowed it by industry.  He wrote, “…if companies in your industry are selling at relatively low valuations, and if existing customers generate recurring revenues then growth through acquisition could be a very viable strategy.”

I always have cautioned clients about acquiring small businesses. (See my video Selling a Small Business for the flip side).  Many times, a small business financial statements (and sometimes tax returns) don’t truly reflect the reality.

Gary owned a small business laundromat and found a opportunity to buy another one.  The other small business was selling for a low price and it generated recurring revenues.  Sounds simple?  Not always.  Even though these aspects exist, there are many other variables that can sink a laundromat (pun intended).  For example, repairs.  If you buy a laundry mat whose machines are old and breaking down, your profit margin can evaporate.

Gary, however, had a solution for that.  He was (and is) mechanically inclined and had developed systems to personally fix all of his machines.  Thus, his cost of repairs was usually limited to parts, even used parts.

I find that so many new small business owners do now look at the threats of a business acquisiation, or if they do, they do not have a plan (like Gary) to address them. So, though Mr. Periu offers an option in growing your small business, he fails to even mention this serious drawback.

A friend of mine bought an accounting practice.  He acquired dozens of clients for a fixed fee.  To his suprise the seller accountant was grossly negligent in maintaining his client’s financial records.  This unexpected turn forced my friend to incur many, many hours to correct the financial records that he did not get paid for because he had acquired the accounting business.  In addition, he lost a substantial number of clients.

In the small business arena, I always recommend that my clients prepare a bullet proof contract with their attorney and of course do their due diligence. It is very rare that a buyer can walk into a small business with a plan to comfront the downside like Gary did.  That kind of strategy takes a special skill.  If you have that skill, then you minimize your risk. If you don’t, find someone that does.  Either way, you must look at all possible  and develop strategies to

Small businesses usually don’t have the depth to absorb such oversights in an acquisition.

Where Do We Go From Here? Strategic Planning In the Fog

Rick_E_Norris,_An_Accountancy_Corporation_Where_Do_We_Go_From_Here_Strategic_In_The_FogThe yellow bus lights glowed in the dark as my only beacon.  I couldn’t see 20 feet in front of me on Highway 99 in the central California valley, but we had to get to Lake Huntington.  The four cars packed with my companions followed my lead.  At last, I saw the exit.  Moving off the highway onto a dark farm road, my concern peaked.  Where were the street signs behind the foggy shrouds?  At last I stopped at an intersection and was able to see a sign, but only after I stood in the middle of a dark intersection looking almost straight up.

If you have been planning for the last three years, this story should sound like your attempt to plan strategically.  Hugh Courtney’s  Strategy under uncertainty lends us a flare in such dismal times.  He offers a four-level framework for determining the level of uncertainty surrounding strategic decisions and for tailoring strategy to the uncertainty:

Level one: A clear enough future: Courtney states that managers can use the usual strategy tools in a clearer future as this.  However, I see that medium and small businesses do not know what those tools are.  The biggest private producers of jobs in this country, small business, usually work in a strategy void.  Thus their decisions and plans are usually uninformed and a product of crises management even in the best of times.
Level two: Alternative futures: Outcomes are clear by hard to predict. Take the Ford Edsel, for example. The car seemed like a good strategy with a ready market, but it went the way of the do-do bird.  This is where probability analysis can come in according to Courtney.  For small businesses, look at the downside to each alternative.  Is one downside greater?  You may want to go the other way.
Level three: A range of futures:Taking Courtney’s cue, small businesses must limit their strategic options. Don’t take the shotgun approach and consider ten different strategies, for example, because you can.  Your brain will explode, not a pretty site.   Again, focus on the downside of your options.
Level four: True ambiguity: This option happens in an economic free-fall, or at least a controlled fall.  More than ever, I recommend small business to take a Blue Ocean Strategy viewpoint and focus on the needs of your clients. Eliminate those attributes that your industry is providing clients that they can live with, e.g., meals on a commuter flight.  You can take this approach for any other above levels, but at this level, it is usually a matter of survival.  The wrong decision could land you in bankruptcy very quickly.

If You Are Reading This, You’ve Proved My Point

Rick_E_Norris,_An_Accountancy_Corporation_If_You_Are_Reading_This_You've_Proved_My_Point Last January, I again participated on the planning committee for the 2011 Entertainment Industry Conference for CPAs and attorneys.  We agreed on most of the usual topics to be presented at the conference.  Then, I suggested social networking.  The idea was written on the board.

Fifteen minutes later, a respectible CPA turned to me and said, “Rick, I know social networking is a sexy topic, but I doubt it is what our attendees are looking for.  They won’t come away with anything.” I nodded my head and thought to myself: Thank you.  You just gave me an extra 12 months to blow my competition out of the water using social networking and SEO.

Skeptical? 5 Key Social Media Findings That Affect Your Business by Glen Stansberry lists some new findings:

1. Americans spend most of their time online on social network and blogs–If you are reading this blog, you have contributed to the 23% statistic that more time is used reading blogs and social networks than checking emails.  You may have also found me because of what I have been doing for over a year.  Writing

2. Seventy percent of active online adult social networkers shop online–Sell where your buyers live, online.  We are all going there.  Have a bigger presence than your competition.

3. Fifty-three percent of active adult social networkers follow a brand(only 32 percent follow a celebrity)–Adults follow brands across social networks.

4. Sixty percent of social media users create reviews of products or services–When was the last time you reviewed a book on Amazon, or rated a restaurant on Opentable?  You are contributing the movement.  If your business is not on there, then you are behind the curve.

5. The number of mobile Internet users is up 47 percent from last year–I have actually trashed a rude restaurant that made us wait an hour beyond their seating estimate. We were outside with our 85 year old father-in-law on Father’s Day in the dark.  My bad review went into Yelp before I reached my car in the parking lot.

If you are resisting the social network, SEO revolution, you are risking the well-being of your business.  But, before you jump in, do some research and learn.  There are consultants that can help you.  Then, create a strategy and stick to its implimentation.  Your online presence will not increase overnight, but the constant creation of content will get you noticed.

Small Business Promotion Using Social Media–How We Did It

Rick_E_Norris,_An_Accountancy_Corporation_Small_Business_Promotion_Using_Social_Media_How_We_Did_ItI couldn’t believe it.  Well, actually I could, but I didn’t want to.  Gregg Towsley of WSI Quality Solutions sat down with me me 18 months ago and showed me that my business’s social profile was dead.  In other words, if you typed in  industry key words, we didn’t even show up on ANY page.

I came across  What Drives Small Business Social Media Engagement? by Dan Schawbel.  He cited a study by Roost which offered  advice to small business owners who want to create brand awareness, customer, acquisition, and customer services.

Using only Facebook and Twitter, the study suggested the following:

  1.  Publishing photos: The study suggested photos of employees, products, and functions.  I remember when I first put up our web page, our most valuable search term was my assistant Maddy Curley.  She was an actress that had (and has) some success on television and film.  People googled her after seeing her on a TV episode and came up with her picture on our personnel page.
  2. Ask Questions:Start a discussion by asking questions.  You see this a lot on LinkedIn.  I feel that providing information along with questions is a better strategy.  What do you think?
  3. Share Quotes:There are way too many twitter sites and blogs quoting wise people.  I don’t like to.  I find it is far more interesting to coin my own phrases that display my expertise.  You don’t convince others of you knowledge and wisdom by using someone else’s brain. (You can quote that).

The main activity that got our firm on the front Google page ahead of CPA firms much larger than us is our content and consistency.  To be successful, you must give to the business community. We provide advice and steps to individual businesses that can help them in managing their finances.