Selling a business Archives

Business Cents: Before You Add That New Employee or Invest in that Venture…

Several years ago, a small business prospect asked me about their idea of employing a new sales person. At that time, the company’s industry was high sales with low margins. This prospect were being crowded out by the big home technology manufacturers who can work at a much higher sales volume. This company’s gross profit margin was 6%. However, to increase their market share, they wanted to hire a sales person for $60,000. I explained quickly that the sales person would have to bring in $1,000,000 of sales just to break even on the new employee’s salary. This does not count the additional costs like worker’s compensation insurance, payroll taxes, vacation pay, etc.

Now, when you add up all of the relative costs, including sick pay, you have the true cost of the employee. If you divide that by the hours it takes an employee to perform a function, you arrive at your “burden rate.”

Small businesses must do this type of analysis before strategizing to hire new bodies. Other considerations are discussed in How to figure out the actual cost of your employees by Ken Kaufman.

Kaufman’s article eludes to the burden rate per employee, but this analysis sometimes is harder to produce in manufacturer settings. For example, if you have an employee that designs multiple products, you would have to quantify the hours the employee spends on each design. That may sound easy unless that employee moves between products in one day.

This kind of analysis will be valuable to a small business in setting prices, budgeting and forecasting, and expanding. However, where small businesses handicap their information is in business plans. A venture capitalist or entrepreneur should start at the granular data of an employee’s burden rate. Once you know that, you can project the production efficiency and work your way to pricing the item based on a gross profit ratio. Lastly, you can project your units and arrive at forecasted sales.

What a small business entrepreneur will find out from this strategy is whether their pricing will be competitive in their respective market space. If not, they should know that before funding a small business.

Judo 101: How a Small Business Can Fight a 500 Pound Gorilla

Over my life time, I’ve trained in several martial arts. It started at eight years old with Judo. Within six weeks I had learned how to maneuver a 200 pound man (instructor) and flip him over my shoulder. (I weighed about 70 pounds at that time.) The feeling was ecstatic and at 54 I can still flip people over my shoulder effortlessly.

Lisa Barone’s article, 6 Ways Your Small Business Can Steal Customers From Big Brands reminded me of the euphoria a small business owner can get when defeating his 500 pound gorilla competitor.

1. By Focusing on Simplicity

2. By Solving Users’ Core Problems

3. By Outmaneuvering Big Brands

4. By Excelling at Customer Service

5. By Being Fearless

6. By Becoming a Big Brand Yourself

Now Ms. Barone does a nice job of laying out a theory, but small business owners expect case studies. Take Nucor Corporation. They sought to defeat the Goliath of the steel industry like Bethlehem Steel. Bethlehem Steel and other mega steel companies were already in decline due to their labor relationships by time Nucor made a technological breakthrough in 1986. Nucor’s “continuous thin slab casting” worked as an accelerator to Bethlehem’s demise, but the main advantage was its culture. Nucor treated its employees equally in status. Nucor eliminated class distinctions with such practices of having all 7,000 employee names appear in their annual reports and issuing the same color of hats to all employees. In addition, Nucor did not provide large fancy suites and aircraft to its executives.

The result was that Nucor created a more stable culture. A detailed analysis is discussed in Jim Collin’s Good to Great.

Whether you are an artist, or a small business, how are you fighting your major competitor? You must start by taking the gorilla’s weaknesses and using them against it. Just like I used use the weight of a 200 pound man to flip over my shoulder at eight years old. Small business competition shines brightest at those moments.

What is the Difference Between a Business Plan and a Strategic Plan?

Business plans are very familiar to me. I receive calls from time to time to design one for individuals who have potential investors. In doing so, I try to incorporate some form of a strategic plan in the product because new entrepreneurs rarely think on that level.

Business plans and strategic plans are different though. Take Johnson and Smith’s book 60 Minute Strategic Plan for instance. They state that, “a business plan is [used] to evaluate teh viability of a business…Business plans keep the company on its rails as it relates to key tactical financial and operational ratios…In a word, a business plan explains the ‘what.’

Johnson and Smith contrast strategic plans as “requiring leadership and inventive thinking and assume higher risks, leading to higher rewards. The strategic plan is an internal leadership tool used to plan a course of action to address unanticipated problems or opportunities…” In other words, it explains the “why and how.”

Bill Birnbaum, author of Strategic Thinking distinguishes the two types as strategic thinking and tactical thinking. I would have to side with his distinction between a strategic plan and business plan. The strategic plan is used to help you decide what to do, and the business plan (or company budget forecast) is used to decide how to do it.

If you are a small business owner, or an entertainer, the concept is the same. Strategic thinking will make you focus on the needs of your customer, how your product benefits your customer, and the reason why a customer would want to buy your service. Or as Birnbaum states it, “In thinking strategically, you’ll be concerned with doing the right things, rather than doing things right.”

Let’s take an entertainer for instance. I am meeting next week with a recording artist who wants to stand out. What we will not look at in the recording industry is what is being done now. The reason why is that why duplicate things that are working in an industry that is moving a break-neck speed, or duplicate business models that are not working? No, instead, we will be exploring her talents not only in the recording industry, but other industies with the vision of producing a specific message about who she is.

The same goes for small business. If you want to be an industry leader, you must distinguish your strategic plan from your business plan. Using Jim Collin’s phrase, you will never achieve your “Big Hairy Audacious Goal” (BHAG) if you are 1) duplicating what others have done in your industry, or 2) just doing an annual budget. The annual budget is contained in the Annual Operating Plan (OAP) which must move an organization towards teh BHAG.

If you want to move your career and/or business beyond your competitors, you must start thinking strategically by implementing and executing a strategic plan. If you are one who only focuses on the future business plan or budget by looking in the past, you will be on operating on a financial treadmill. You may seem like you are moving forward, but all you will be doing is spinning your wheels.

How to Launder(for More)Money Without Getting Washed Up

I know that title can get me into trouble, but I couldn’t resist.

I had lunch today with a childhood friend (no he is not nine years old). I hadn’t seen Gary in about 30 years. He still looks the same (except for the white hair and long white beard). Anyway, Gary is in the Laundromat business. His story came back to me tonight when I was reading the article, Grow Your Sales Without Selling by Mike Periu.

All in all, it wasn’t a bad piece. He gave a handfull of suggestions to growing your small business outside the sales cycle. The first suggestion he offered was the one that reminded me of Gary: Grow through acquisitions. He offered his support for it, but then he narrowed it by industry. He wrote, “…if companies in your industry are selling at relatively low valuations, and if existing customers generate recurring revenues then growth through acquisition could be a very viable strategy.”

I always have cautioned clients about acquiring small businesses. (See my video Selling a Small Business for the flip side). Many times, a small business financial statements (and sometimes tax returns) don’t truly reflect the reality.

Gary owned a small business laundromat and found a opportunity to buy another one. The other small business was selling for a low price and it generated recurring revenues. Sounds simple? Not always. Even though these aspects exist, there are many other variables that can sink a laundromat (pun intended). For example, repairs. If you buy a laundry mat whose machines are old and breaking down, your profit margin can evaporate.

Gary, however, had a solution for that. He was (and is) mechanically inclined and had developed systems to personally fix all of his machines. Thus, his cost of repairs was usually limited to parts, even used parts.

I find that so many new small business owners do now look at the threats of a business acquisiation, or if they do, they do not have a plan (like Gary) to address them. So, though Mr. Periu offers an option in growing your small business, he fails to even mention this serious drawback.

A friend of mine bought an accounting practice. He acquired dozens of clients for a fixed fee. To his suprise the seller accountant was grossly negligent in maintaining his client’s financial records. This unexpected turn forced my friend to incur many, many hours to correct the financial records that he did not get paid for because he had acquired the accounting business. In addition, he lost a substantial number of clients.

In the small business arena, I always recommend that my clients prepare a bullet proof contract with their attorney and of course do their due diligence. It is very rare that a buyer can walk into a small business with a plan to comfront the downside like Gary did. That kind of strategy takes a special skill. If you have that skill, then you minimize your risk. If you don’t, find someone that does. Either way, you must look at all possible and develop strategies to

Small businesses usually don’t have the depth to absorb such oversights in an acquisition.

Small Business Promotion Using Social Media–How We Did It

I couldn’t believe it. Well, actually I could, but I didn’t want to. Gregg Towsley of WSI Quality Solutions sat down with me me 18 months ago and showed me that my business’s social profile was dead. In other words, if you typed in industry key words, we didn’t even show up on ANY page.

I came across What Drives Small Business Social Media Engagement? by Dan Schawbel. He cited a study by Roost which offered advice to small business owners who want to create brand awareness, customer, acquisition, and customer services.

Using only Facebook and Twitter, the study suggested the following:

Publishing photos: The study suggested photos of employees, products, and functions. I remember when I first put up our web page, our most valuable search term was my assistant Maddy Curley. She was an actress that had (and has) some success on television and film. People googled her after seeing her on a TV episode and came up with her picture on our personnel page.
Ask Questions:Start a discussion by asking questions. You see this a lot on LinkedIn. I feel that providing information along with questions is a better strategy. What do you think?
Share Quotes:There are way too many twitter sites and blogs quoting wise people. I don’t like to. I find it is far more interesting to coin my own phrases that display my expertise. You don’t convince others of you knowledge and wisdom by using someone else’s brain. (You can quote that).

The main activity that got our firm on the front Google page ahead of CPA firms much larger than us is our content and consistency. To be successful, you must give to the business community. We provide advice and steps to individual businesses that can help them in managing their finances.

2010 Small Business Tax Breaks Revisited

It’s always good to practice the basics, like a major league baseball player who may work on his swing by hitting a ball off a tee. So here I am going back to the IRS tax site to remind small business owners of the Tax Relief Act of 2010. There may be benefits that you may be missing.

Sect. 2011: Temporary exclusion of 100% of gain on certain small business stock

Expanding on the provisions of Internal Revenue Code Section 1202 and the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, the Small Business Jobs Act provides an additional incentive for investment in qualified small businesses. Under this Act, investors in qualified small business stock can exclude up to 100% of the capital gain upon sale of the stock.

Under the SBJA, in order to claim the capital gain exclusion, the qualified small business stock must be:

Acquired after September 27, 2010, and before Jan 1, 2011, and
Held for at least five years before the stock is sold.

However, Section 760, Temporary Exclusion of 100% of Gain on Certain Small Business Stock, of the Tax Relief Act of 2010, extended the exclusion for qualified small business stock acquired before January 1, 2012.

Under current law, the earliest tax year for which this 100% capital gain exclusion can be claimed is 2015. Additional limitations, qualifications and requirements may apply. Capital Gains and Losses has information on reporting capital gains.

Sect. 2012: General business credits of eligible small businesses for 2010 carried back 5 years

The new law allows an eligible small business to carry back general business credits five years. Previously, the credits could only be carried back one year. The carryback is for credits determined in the first taxable year beginning after December 31, 2009.

An “eligible small business” in general is defined as follows:

A corporation whose stock is not publicly traded, a partnership, or a sole proprietorship, and
The taxpayer must have $50,000,000 or less in average annual gross receipts over the three preceding tax years.

This is a one year initiative applicable only to the tax year 2010 (For fiscal year filers, the effective tax year is the first tax year beginning after December 31, 2009). The five-year carryback period is available only for credits carried forward to the tax year 2010 and/or earned in the tax year 2010.

Sect. 2013: General business credits of eligible small businesses in 2010 not subject to alternative minimum tax

The new law allows general business credits to offset both regular income tax and alternative minimum tax of eligible small businesses as described in Section 2012 of the Small Business Jobs Act (see above). The provision is effective for any general business credits determined in the first taxable year beginning after December 31, 2009, and to any carryback of such credits.

This is a one year initiative applicable only to the tax year 2010 (For fiscal year filers, the effective tax year is the first tax year beginning after December 31, 2009).

Sect. 2014: Temporary reduction in S-Corporation built-in gain recognition period

Under the Small Business Jobs Act, if the fifth year of an S Corporation’s recognition period ends before their 2011 taxable year begins, then no entity-level tax is imposed on the net recognized built-in gain for the 2011 tax year. Sect. 2021: Increased expensing limitations for 2010 and 2011; certain real property treated as Code section 179 property.

An expense deduction is allowed for businesses which choose to treat the cost of certain qualified property, called section 179 property, as an expense rather than a capital expenditure. For qualifying property placed in service during the taxable years 2010 and 2011, the new law increases both the maximum amount of the deductible expense under IRC Section 179, as well as the statutory phase-out amount. The provision also expands the definition of IRC Section 179 property to include the following types of real property: qualified leasehold improvement property, qualified restaurant property and qualified retail improvement property.

Sect. 2022: Additional first-year depreciation for 50% of the basis of certain qualified property

Generally, businesses are allowed to recover the cost of capital expenditures over time through depreciation expense. IRC Section 168(k) allows for additional first-year depreciation, for 50% of the basis, of certain qualified property placed in service after December 31, 2009. The new law extends the additional first-year depreciation deduction to qualified property acquired and placed in service during 2010.

Section 401, Extension of Bonus Depreciation, of the Tax Relief Act of 2010, expands the additional first-year depreciation deduction (bonus depreciation) to equal 100 percent of the cost of qualified property placed in service after September 8, 2010, and before January 1, 2012. It also provides for a 50 percent first-year bonus depreciation deduction for qualified property placed in service after December 31, 2011 and before January 1, 2013.

Sect. 2031: Increase in amount allowed as deduction for start-up expenditures in 2010

For taxpayers starting an active trade or business, the new law increases the amount the taxpayer is allowed to elect as a deduction for start-up expenditures under section 195(b) for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2009. Section 2031 allows up to $10,000 as a deduction for start-up expenditures, but requires a dollar-for-dollar reduction of the $10,000 deduction if startup expenditures exceed $60,000. This expense should be claimed as an “Other Deduction” on business returns, such as the Form 1120, 1120S or 1065, or as an “Other Expense” on the Schedules C or F of the Form 1040. The remainder of any start-up expenditures, not deducted under section 195(b), can be amortized ratably over 180 months on Form 4562, Depreciation and Amortization.

Sect. 2042: Deduction for health insurance costs in computing self-employment taxes in 2010

Generally, small business owners may not deduct the cost of health insurance when calculating self-employment tax. Under the Small Business Jobs Act, and subject to specific statutory restrictions (i.e. deduction is not available if self-employed individual is eligible to participate in an employer-subsidized health plan maintained by the employer of the taxpayer or the employer of the taxpayer’s spouse), business owners can deduct the cost of health insurance for themselves and their family in the calculation of their 2010 self-employment tax.

Always consult your tax professional before making any of these decisions.

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IRS CIRCULAR 230 NOTICE: To ensure compliance with requirements imposed by the U.S. Department of the Treasury and Internal Revenue Service, we inform you that any tax advice contained in this e-mail (including any attachments) is not intended or written to be used, and may not be used, for the purpose of (a) avoiding penalties under the Internal Revenue Code or state tax authority, or (b) promoting, marketing, or recommending to another party any transaction or matter addressed herein.

The Tightrope of Employee Tax Classification is Getting Frayed

My grandfather was Alfano the Great. In the 1920’s he walked between 2 eight story buildings with no net. In addition, he walked on his hands, rode a bicycle and did wheelies. All for a few bucks. Obviously, he never fell, or I wouldn’t be here.

The IRS, US Labor Department, and several state labor departments are about to cut the tight rope of some employers who classify employees as independent contractors.

Michael Cohen report, IRS to Team with Labor Dept. on Employee Classification, discusses the IRS and the Labor Dept. combine efforts with seven states to tackle the problem of employee tax classification. This could be a game-changer because one of the problems in employee tax classification has been defining what an “employee” is.

This move among all of these agencies (and I can only guess that the number of states signing on will grow), will allow a sharing of information about employee tax classifications. Now, this may seem harmless, but remember when you can operate a business in Los Angeles without a business license? Ten or fifteen years ago, one of the main ways L A City found you was to look at the business marques in buildings and cross-check them to the business license lists. Now, they get their information from Sacramento and individual tax return schedule C. All they do now is match the addresses to the individual tax return and send out penalty notices.

I have been writing about this issue for a long time. Here is an article in relation to the healthcare deduction. Healthcare Reform: If It Walks Like a Duck and Quacks Like a Duck…We’ll Call it a Toad

Employee tax classification databases may change the odds for those employers who are skirting the issue. The penalties could be stiff. Discuss your tax situation with your advisor before making any decisions.

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How Does a Small Business Grow? You Can Try to Think Like A Rock Band

We were called the Mini Playboys. Three ten year old musicians who temporarily put down their rock roots to play old standards, big band, and Italian songs. The band consisted of a drum, guitar, and accordion. We almost never played like this for our friends for the obvious reasons, but played at old folks parties and restaurants. Heck, we each earned $5.00 an hour in 1967 when minimum wage was $1.40. Great money! Our band focused on a strategy to hit a particular niche market, and it worked for 2 years until we went our separate ways.

I came across an article by Apryl Peredo, So, You Want a Label Contract? The article listed 5 reasons why bands are not signed by record labels. The article laid out some good, though basic advice to young band members. However, as I read the article I substituted the word “small business” for “band.” It also seemed to translate into good advice to those small businesses that are looking to grow their business. Here is what I mean:

We don’t sign “newly formed” bands. Customers who are looking for value and trust like to see an established business. This also pertains to expertise. I remember working for an accounting firm who declared themselves as experts in any area where they performed a single engagement. That hardly builds up the trust you want with your customers.
We don’t sign undeveloped bands.As a business owner, you must walk before you run. Starting small is not bad, it allows you to make mistakes without risking too much. Design your strategy to build slowly and in control or you may find yourself in the “white water” (Les McKeown’s definition in Predictable Success).
We don’t sign unknown bands. Customers and clients like to see a reputation, a good reputation. In looking at E-Bay, I noticed that some of the most successful businesses are those who have hundreds of good ratings. This weighs a lot with a new customer, so build your fan base.
We don’t sign people/band we meet at parties. Very few people would hire an attorney who advertised door to door. There is just a culture that discourages that kind of selling for that profession. It may work for a realtor, but not a surgeon. Learn your industry’s norms and culture.
We don’t sign based on “oral” favors. Business character counts. Always be beyond reproach in your client solicitation practices.

The article summed up a band’s quest to secure a label contract with “persistence, practice, professionalism, creative development, and hard work”

That is good advice for any small business looking to grow. Very few businesses make it “big” over night, and the ones that seem like they do, worked at it for years.

Charismatic Business Leaders: What to do afterwards? A Problem to Be Avoided

I can remember back in the late 1970s when only engineers and escentrics operated an apple computer. My neighbor brought me over and tried to explain how the large odd-shaped device worked. MS-DOS was not invented, and my attention span waned.

Business has embraced many aspects of Apple, along with the consumer, driving it beyond Microsoft’s highest endeavours.

But what happens without Steve Jobs at the helm, and how does this series of events relate to small and medium-sized businesses?

Kathleen Pender speaks of this issue in Maintaining success after exit of a charistmatic CEO. However, she really is not addressing the right questions. Does a company need a charasmatic leader? Or, what kind of personl should lead a company?

Jim Collins writes about these in his two books, Good to Great and Built to Last. In Built to Last he states that visionary companies do not require great charismatic visionary leaders. “In fact, [they] can be detrimental to a company’s long-term prospects. Some of the most significant CEOs in the history of visionary companies did not fit the model of the high-profile, charismatic leader.”

In Good to Great, Jim states what kind of leaders should lead a company. Level 5 leadership during pivotal transitional years “refers to a five-level hierarchy of executive capabilities, with Level 5 at the top. Level 5 leaders embody a paradoxical mix of personal humility and professional will. They are ambitious, to be sure, but ambitous first and foremost for the company, not themselves.”

Steve Jobs seemed to fit this definition. He seemed to push the company, not himself which will help foster the Apple tradition long after he departs from it.

Small and medium-sized business owners should take note of this distinction. I find that so many owners sell their personas, not the company. This is almost fatal in two respects:

When the owner wants to sell the business.
When the owner dies.

In both cases, the inherent value of the company is tied to the owner, not the balance sheet. If he goes, it goes.

So, how do you get out of this vicious circle. I recommend:

Read the E-Myth by Michael Gerber. The author descrives the owner’s chokehold on a business, and why a business of that type struggles to grow.
Train, train, train others to do specific tasks that you perform. If you are worried about losing your customers to you employees, create a system of divided labor where each person performs specific tasks, but you still hold the key to putting it all together.
Set out a timeline for an exit plan. When do you plan to sell the busiess? How big does your business have to be before you sell it? What annual metrics can you measure to make sure you are on your path?

Quantify you feelings. Don’t dream of a company that you cannot measure its success or milestones. You can be a visionary, but the it is not about you, it is about your business.

Strategic Thinking: Don’t Confuse Tactics for Strategy

“There’s nothing worse than a sharp picture of a fuzzy concept.” —Ansel Adams

“There is nothing more wasteful than becoming highly efficient at doing the wrong thing.” –Peter Drucker

Mike Michalowicz’s article The 90-Day Method: A Strategy For Business Growth in Difficult Times offers some suggestions for business to strategize. He says that a business owner should ask what they have done in the last 90 days that has brought results, and then replicate those things that were successful. Even though these may sound like sage advice, they can be interpreted as tactics instead of strategy.

I found that Bill Birnbaum’s book, Strategic Thinking, A Four Piece Puzzle, distinguished between the two very well. Bill defines strategic thinking as a top-down big picture. When thinking strategically, you are not concerned about whether you ran a double-shift to produce your product. That would fall under Mike Michalowicz’s “things you did right,” but would be a tactic. Instead, Bill Birnbaum argues to think strategically, “you would consider the needs of your customer, the benefits you offer that customer, and the reason your customer buys your products or services.” In other words, you’d be concerned with doing the right things, rather than doing things right.

Another way Bill put it was that you use strategic thinking in deciding what to do, and tactical thinking in deciding how to do it.

Thinking tactically is very tempting because most managers and owners are in the trenches “putting out fires” and fixing problems.

But why is it important to think strategically? Strategic thinking is important because it results in a strategic vision that is shared among your management team which is based on the team’s deep understanding of the business.

Don’t get me wrong. Strategic planning is a highly structured process with well thought-out objectives and a number of strategies designed to accomplish these objectives.

So, what is the easiest way to think strategically? A commonly used tool is the SWOT matrix. Most managers know that it stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. However, where business people miss their marks is that they don’t consider these four attributes in line with their key success factors. According to Bill, you must list these factors this way. For our organization to be successful, we must be especially good at the following three activities…

Taking these steps will help a lot in getting business owners to think strategically in order to see the horizon, and not technically in order to just avoid the pot hole in front of you.